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Place other punctuation marks inside quotation marks only when they are part of the quoted material.To repeat the exact words that another person has said or written

Place periods and commas within closing single or double quotation marks.

If the quotation includes material already in quotation marks, see Section 8.33 of the Publication Manual.

If the quotation includes citations, see Section 8.32 of the Publication Manual.

If the citation appears at the end of a sentence, put the end punctuation after the closing parenthesis for the citation.

If the quotation precedes the narrative citation, put the page number or location information after the year and a comma.

For a narrative citation, include the author and year in the sentence and then place the page number or other location information in parentheses after the quotation.

Place a parenthetical citation either immediately after the quotation or at the end of the sentence.present quotations from research participantsįor a direct quotation, always include a full citation ( parenthetical or narrative) in the same sentence as the quotation, including the page number (or other location information, e.g., paragraph number).cite quotations from material without page numbers.Additional information is available about how to: This page addresses how to format short quotations and block quotations. Consult your instructor or editor if you are concerned that you may have too much quoted material in your paper. Instructors, programs, editors, and publishers may establish limits on the use of direct quotations. when you want to respond to exact wording (e.g., something someone said).when an author has said something memorably or succinctly, or.when reproducing an exact definition (see Section 6.22 of the Publication Manual),.Use direct quotations rather than paraphrasing: It is best to paraphrase sources rather than directly quoting them because paraphrasing allows you to fit material to the context of your paper and writing style. A direct quotation reproduces words verbatim from another work or from your own previously published work.